Thursday, 11 February 2016

reluctant fundamentalist chapter summaries

Chapter 1:

Changez-Pakistani is a university lecturer having a conversation with an American. He responds to a question about Princeton and begins by telling about his life from the time he left Lahore to go to university in America.
  • Declares he is a lover of America, notices the bearing of the American, mission to find a cup of tea- excellent tea in Lahore, sits with back to wall, reaching under jacket,
  • Changez was a brilliant student 
  • Applies for a gets a job, Jim who hires him recognizes hunger in Changez
  • Changez comes from respectable, old money family-no longer wealthy but still important
  • Works 3 jobs to support him through uni 


Chapter 2:

  • Observes attractive girls, refers to American girl he loved.
  • Met Erica in Greece, on university holiday. she was a very popular girl likes him and his ‘strong sense of home’ He likes her beauty, muscles and tanned stomach, she tells him about Chris-her boyfriend who died-her home-‘ a guy with long skinny fingers’,
  • she wants to be a novelist. 


chapter 3
  • coming to New York was a bit like ‘coming home’ for Changez, many speakers of Urdu driving cabs and running cafes, immediately a New Yorker, never an American-(people always say that most of America is a different place from the big cities). Changez is very fond of New York
  • Loved his job with its office on the 41st floor, like another world-so powerful, so rich, so privileged,
  • Changez recognises that Pakistan was once at the forefront of modernity but he feels a sense of shame and resentment that it is now poor -disparity
  • Underwood Samson was a meritocracy and had young ‘guns’ trained ( almost like an army?)and working for it- teams trained by Sherman in the arts of economic fundamentalism-how to make as much money as possible and as quickly and directly as possible. Makes friends with Wainwright-another outsider. Changez and Wainwright try to speak the’ lingo’ of the dominant culture.
  • Going to parties in the Hamptons and bathed in the warm glow of American lifestyle that money can buy


chapter 4 

  • Erica’s family live in impressive penthouse apartment, he feels a bit at home-reminiscent of his Gulberg home?,
  • Erica’s father annoys Changez with stereotypical views on Pakistan
  • Picnic lunch in Central Park, Changez used to picnic in foothills of Himalayas, Erica describes trauamatic effect of Chris’s death on her. 




  • Chapter 5. 
  • Changez goes to Phillipines for valuation job of music company, he is surprised and upset to find even an outpost of America’s empire is richer than Pakistan
  • Filipino workers ‘look up’ to rich young Americans and he starts to assume the same attitude and language, feels sense of power that he decides people’s future
  • However unsettled by taxi driver who shows hostility-Changez play acting as ‘one of them’, troubled sleep
  • Exchanges sporadic emails with Erica
  • Jim visits and complimenst Changez on work, shark like qualities, outsider-reminds Changez of longings for his family’s past life-a nostalgia that paralyses some of his family
  • World Trade Centre collapses –Changez sees this on tv and ‘smiles'


  • chapter 6 

    • Post 9/11 and New York in mourning, ,flowers and flags, ‘so grand a castle’’mighty civilisation’
    • Sees Erica and she looks ‘older’, haunted by Chris and 9/11 has exacerbated her grief but she takes Changez to events with her but she is distant with people
    • Attempt at love making fails -’she can’t get wet’ and tells him more about Chris,

    chapter 7

    • merica gripped by a growing and self righteous rage after 9/11, Pakistani cab drivers being assaulted, mosques being raided and muslims disappearing. Changez family in Pakistan unsettled- Afghanistan being bombed- he is unsettled by the inequity of the weaponry and power-Us bullying?
    • Changez continues to focus on his job, doing a valuation in New Jersey that involved job cuts and he begins to see first hand the ramifications of job loss on people’s lives.
    • Jim encourages him to ‘focus on the fundamentals’
    But Changez realise that Afghanistan is a friend and neighbour and fellow Muslim nation so he is questioning his loyalties. He watches the bombing of Afghanistan and gets drunk and he is late for work the next day-for the first time.

    chapter 8 

    • Changez visits Erica and she is in worse shape and her mother tells him ’she doesn’t need a boyfriend’. She lies on her bed, dazed and sleepy, can’t write. He can’t help her as she recedes into her Chris world.
    • Changez worried and angered by America’s ‘dangerous nostalgia’ and her ‘determination to look back
    • Underwood Samson not perturbed by sorrows and continues to power forward in pursuit of business fundamentals- maximum productivity, dinner at Jim’s-understands outsider’s role
    Almost attacked at his car by ‘Arab’ haters and Changez is aggressive in his response


    chapter 9

      • Changez recognises that he has changed, rather than his country, and he was more like an unsympathetic American but gradually understands the different beauty of his family house and homeland,
      • Things not too good in Pakistan-India threatening warfare- and Changez felt powerless, angry at the weakness of his country, and he felt like he was abandoning them when he returns to America. He did not shave his beard off for return and detained at airport on re entry-beard-form of protest? Or identity?
      • Tries to get in touch with Erica, but it has taken him awhile to do so. She is at a clinic on the Hudson-she is gaunt, looks ‘devout’,not writing, but she places him in the past..’you were true..’
    Changez is angry and preoccupied about everything-the job, America, Erica, Pakistan-Jim suggest he might like to shave off the beard-for pragmatic reasons, also mentions job in Chile-big responsibility


    chapter 10

    • Trip to Chile- Changez was no longer excited about the first class travel and regrets going at all. Sorry about the ‘illness of the spirit’ of Erica and broods about it.
    • Meets Juan Bautista the chief of the publishing company they are valuing. He has an immediate impact on Changez-asks about books, Pablo Neruda, people’s jobs, explains about janissaries-exposes him to concepts about equality and art.
    • Changez can’t concentrate on the job, worried about Pakistan and obsessed with websites about it, on the ‘threshold of great change’. His superior cautions him but Changez can’t focus and in the end he gives up and is sent back, in disgrace, to New York.

    chapter 11

    • On the plane back he thinks about America’s foreign policy and interventions in other country’s
    • Gets the sack from his job but Jim is quite kind about it. Changez travels back to his apartment with box of belongings on the subway, different experience now-no longer so cosmipolitan, now more menacing.
    • Confused and troubled and a bit lost with complexity of his conflicting emotions
    Visits Erica at clinic but she has disappeared, left a pile of clothes on a headland above the river, he goes to see her mother and she gives him the manuscript. Remembers the firefly him and Erica watched as it tried to battle its way through the might of skyscrapers.


    chapter 12

    • Changez leaves America nad returns to Pakistan and works as a university lecturer. He seems to be increasingly opposed to American actions and he is surrounded by energetic young students who are interested in Pakistan’s future. He gets involved in demonstrations and meetings, receives official warnings, interviewed by international media, feels like Kurtz waiting for the assassin.

    Friday, 4 December 2015

    John Mcrae notes



    - A certain exclusiveness to the masculinity, also to how Blanche handles her femininity.
    - kindness is a questionable concept.

    SCENE 1

    - may to September, long hot summer.
    - most scenes move to the dark of the night.
    - multi cultural society.
    - soundtrack is emotional undercurrent of music, voices, characters.
    - play of atmosphere.
    - scene of movement.
    - Blanche's appearance is incongruous(out of place)
    - expression of shocked disbelief.
    - delicate beauty  scared of light.
    - constantly trying to make a home in the society that she doesn't fit into.
    - ownership and loss - another undercurrent to the play.
    - Blanche  - moth like life
    - she cant handle the noises
    - then starts drinking
    - says she doesn't drink but the audience knows she is an alcoholic.
    - tragedy of loss
    - 'funerals are pretty compared to deaths'
    - funerals are a prettification of death

    SCENE 2

    - pick up of speed
    - documentation
    - dead hand of past catching up with future
    - Blanche is not childless in a tragic way, she's childless in a end of line way, she hasn't got a future.
    - epic fornication's
    - becoming a multicultural play
    - is Blanche already a lost cause?
    - is she alive but dead in a person?
    - Clutching at doctor because they're a sign for a new life
    - Blanche doesn't own anything
    - constantly bathing, washing, cleansing, keeping herself away from light.
    - 'I was flirting with your husband'
    - she flirts because it's the only thing she knows how to do.
    - she thinks that's what men want.  -irresponsible- key adjective for Blanche
    - she tries to make it up by being pretty.
    - Tennessee wants us to fell sympathy and that she just gets around.

    SCENE 3

    - Poker game
    - One of the possible titles
    - Poker is male, violent, strong.
    - Mitch emerges to have the conversation with Blanche
    - She batters her eyelids and calls the toilet, ' the little boys room'
    - Mitch represents stability, but lives alone with his mum , would be seen that he is gay, which he is not.
    - Gay is a fact not a sensibility and cliche.
    - No gallantry in Stanley.

    SCENE 4

    - almost runs on from previous scene.
    - all outside noises are like a choral commentary.
    - 'Life goes on'
    - Blanche somehow goes on
    - desire is very much key
    - Blanche does function,
    - Contrast between what mind does and what emotions do.
    -  audience realizes its a fantasy, but also reality.



    Catharsis - release of emotions of fear and pity.

    Tragedy - in its pure form, a character from a high social position(king) falls due to their fatal flaws
    The end result should be death, but in street car its not literal death.







    Tuesday, 24 November 2015

    Tuesday 24th work

    Up-hill

    -landscape is a metaphor for a spiritual journey -

    Rossetti uses landscape in a similar way
    - 'The road" is symbolic of a life's path.
    - ' up hill' - struggle and suffering
    - ' night/dark' are a metaphor for darkness/ doubt
    - ' inn' place of refuge from doubts and insecurities
    - 'other wayfarers' - people who have already made the journey
    - 'that door' - the division between living and the dead.

    Power and control

    - coverging - lowering own language to fit into a friendship group
    - diverging - raise language - authority/ disapproval


    Mock essay

    Explore the ways Rossetti presents attitudes towards death in this poem and others you have studied.

    1) shut out  - "the door was shut' - keeping her away from her place of happiness - imaginatio, place of comfort/ gates to heaven.
    2) 'echo' - "watch the slow door That opening, letting in, lets out no more"- barrier to other world(heaven)

    Saturday, 14 November 2015

    Tennessee Williams was born on the 26th march 1911 in Columbus,  and died on the 25th February in New York.
    His mother and father were Edwina and Cornelius Coffin Williams.


    He was an American playwright and author.
    A Street Car Named Desire was released in 1947.
    Most of Williams’ work was adapted for the cinema, he also wrote short stories, essays, poetry and memoirs.

    4 Years before his death, he was added to the American Theatre Hall of Fame

    Key quotes for Blanche - 
    Is there something wrong with me? - worried for herself 
    That's for me, I'm sure. - making herself seem bigger than she is 
    I know I fib a good deal. After all, a woman's charm is 50% illusion. - sarcasm 

    Key Quotes for Stanley - 
     [pushes her back down roughly] Just keep your seat, I'm not so sure.  -(talking to blanche)
    I never met a dame yet that didn't know if she was good-looking or not without being told - criticising women

    Key quotes for Stella-
    You think you're going bowling now? - to stanley
    stella - He smashed all the lightbulbs with the heel of my slipper. 
    (blanche)  And you let him? Didn't run, didn't scream?
    stella - Actually, I was sorta thrilled by it. 
    Post war context

    1941, Williams wrote
    ' I think there is going to be a vast hunger for life after all this death - and
    Human emotion 

    • grief - "hid their faces" - personification of the sun and moon 
    • regretful - "fallen peter weeping bitterly"
    • insecurity - "am i a stone" - interrogative - insecure  - ontological(am,be, to be)
    • no emotion
    • lonely - "yet give not o'er"  - self absorbed, detachment, distance


    Characters in Street Car Named Desire
    • characters are not real people 
    • characters are literally device
    -  blanche as a character is a device used by Tennessee Williams to explore the inner conflicts and sense of futility, for the Southern Belle world of his childhood, exemplified for him in the way his mother often behaved and expected her children to behave. 

    Useful phrases 
    • character is used to...
    • illustrate
    • connotate 
    • reflect
    • prompt us to 
    • exemplify
    • explore 

    Wednesday, 4 November 2015

    Tennessee Williams - A Street Car Named Desire

    - Post WW2  American Play write
    - from the south (southern gentility)
    - Born in Mississippi
    - Alcoholic Travelling Salesmen father ( Cornelius Coffin Williams) and Southern Belle mother
     - Interested in emotional truth
    - Gay (from a very conservative background)
    - His sister Rose was treated for mental illness and was given a lobotomy in her 30's
    - His family moved to st.louis when he was 8

    -----------------

    John Lahr 'Tennessee Williams: Mad Pilgrimage of the flesh'

    3 Things I learnt from the extract

    - Close relationship with his sister
    - Didn't really have any fond memories
    - Seems as if he didn't like change
    - Cats are symbolic for brutality